On January 25, 2019, a tailings dam collapsed at our Córrego do Feijão mine, in the city of Brumadinho, state of Minas Gerais. The dam was built in 1976 by a German mining company and was purchased by Vale in 2001. Since July 2016, the dam had been inactive, out of operation, and at the time of the collapse, the decommissioning process was under study, with some tests being carried out to evaluate the best way to decommission the dam.
The collapse released a flow of tailings that reached our administrative area at the Córrego do Feijão mine and the communities of Córrego do Feijão and Parque da Cachoeira, outside Brumadinho, as well as the surroundings of the Paraopeba River. The collapse resulted in 270 fatalities, including two pregnant women. The incident also caused material and environmental damage in the region. Among the victims, two remain missing, and searches continue at the site with the support of the fire department.
We will never forget Brumadinho. We reaffirm our respect for the victims and their families, prioritizing the integral reparation of Brumadinho and are committed to the non-repetition of another dam breach.
Reparation: A detailed timeline of the actions of the reparation to date can be found in our Reparation Day by Day report from November 2023.
Emergency Actions: Immediately after the dam breach, Vale took emergency measures in Brumadinho to assist victims, their families, and the community (including Indigenous peoples and traditional communities). These initiatives included the payment of emergency aid and compensation, provision of temporary housing and basic necessities, water (for the community, animals, and agricultural use), health care (including psychological support), animal rescue and shelter, supply of animal feed for agriculture, and local transportation, as well as payments to public agencies for additional community assistance. Vale also created service points for the local population. At the same time, the company carried out emergency works to contain the tailings and provided resources for search and rescue missions with the support of the fire department, including cutting-edge equipment and necessary infrastructure. For details on these emergency actions, please refer to the Reparation Routine reports available here.
Integral Reparation Agreement
In February 2021, we signed an Integral Reparation Agreement with government authorities, committing to the integral reparation, implementing actions to restore and remediate the community and the environment. The agreement totals R$ 37.7 billion for the complete reparation to be concluded within 10 years, including R$ 6.3 billion disbursed until February 2021, R$ 11.4 billion in obligations for implementing projects (“To-do”), and R$ 19.9 billion to pay public authorities.
The reparation works within the agreement cover three categories of obligations: socioenvironmental obligations, socioeconomic obligations, and other compensatory measures.
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Socioenvironmental obligations aim to restore the environment and compensate (financially or otherwise) for impacts, damages, or losses caused by the dam collapse. Compensation for known environmental damages is R$ 1.55 billion, and environmental recovery is estimated at R$ 5.0 billion.
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Other compensatory measures, totaling R$ 303 million, include agreements signed with the Civil Defense program, the fire department, among others.
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Before socioeconomic initiatives and projects are carried out for Brumadinho and the other 25 municipalities affected in the Paraopeba basin, consultations are held with affected individuals to prioritize investments. Projects for the Paraopeba basin total R$ 2.5 billion (+ payment obligations), and for Brumadinho, R$ 1.5 billion
Progress on the Integral Reparation Agreement
In October 2024, overall, Vale completed 80% of the economic progress of the agreement (49% of the “To Do” repair works and 95% of the “To Pay” repair works) according to the schedule. It is estimated that 100% of the payment obligations will be fulfilled by 2026. The “To Do” obligations are expected to be completed by 2031, fulfilling 100% of the Integral Judicial Reparation Agreement.
Financial commitment: As a result of the dam failure, the Company recognized provisions to meet its assumed obligations to the remediation of the impacted areas and compensation to society.
Individual indemnification: Individual indemnification was not covered by the Integral Reparation Agreement. For the individual indemnification, Vale formalized an agreement with the Public Defender’s Office of the State of Minas Gerais in April 2019, under which those affected by Brumadinho’s dam failure may join an individual or a family group out-of-court settlement agreement for the indemnification of material, economic and moral damages. This agreement establishes the basis for a wide range of indemnification payments, which were defined according to the best practices and case law of Brazilian Courts, following rules and principles of the United Nations. As of October 2025, 96% of the extrajudicial compensation cases have been completed. Vale has paid R$ 3.9 billion in indemnifications for approximately 17,400 people. For more information on the indemnity program, please visit: Indemnity - Vale.
Water monitoring
The quality of the waters of the Paraopeba River has shown consistent signs of recovery, being more evident during dry periods, when results are similar to or better than historical reference values. Information on water monitoring and quality can be found on our Environmental Reparation page. These results are consistent with monitoring data from the Minas Gerais Institute for Water Management (IGAM) (read more in the Assessment of Water and Sediment Quality of the Paraopeba River: Monitoring of Water Quality in the Paraopeba River Five Years After the Collapse of the Córrego do Feijão Mine Dam of Vale S.A – Brumadinho/MG and in the Citizen Information Bulletin No. 74, July 2025).
Socio-economic development
To support socioeconomic development in the region, several initiatives have been created to improve quality of life, increase local tourism, and support residents’ livelihoods. These initiatives are planned based on active engagement with communities to meet their needs. This includes the delivery of the Community Marketplace, the Culture and Handicraft Center, the Community Square, and the Soccer Field—structures that have been embraced by the Córrego do Feijão community through use and participatory management. These spaces have boosted income generation, promoted a networked economy, strengthened the local economy, and expanded opportunities for business, leisure, and culture, contributing to economic revitalization and tourism development while respecting local memory and culture.
In addition, structural actions have been implemented in Brumadinho, such as the Sustainable Tourism Program, which supports tourism promotion, workforce qualification, and the attraction of new businesses. There are also initiatives to promote family farming and the implementation of agroforestry systems, expanding job opportunities and productive diversification in the region.
Currently, 450 local associations and small businesses are being supported in Brumadinho and the Paraopeba Basin, directly and indirectly impacting more than 17,000 people in the region.
Social and infrastructure projects are also planned with active consultation with communities and in partnership with the public sector. The focus is on improving quality of life and collective well-being, with an emphasis on creating local jobs. Initiatives include building daycare centers, public squares, sidewalks, and investing in medical equipment.
For more information on the Reparation works, please visit https://vale.com/esg/brumadinho.
Community member participation in the decision-making of the Reparation actions
The initiatives in the Integral Reparation Agreement are planned with active consultation of community members, municipal governments, the state government of Minas Gerais, regulatory and oversight agencies, the judiciary, and audit support, all of which contribute according to the respective initiative for the joint development of solutions. Community members include Indigenous peoples and traditional communities, in accordance with ILO Convention 169.
Accountability and Independent Audit
Our commitment to integral reparation for the Brumadinho disaster includes transparency in managing the entire process and maintaining constant dialogue and communication at each stage. Every six months, we publish a report (available here) on ongoing initiatives, including funds invested, major projects completed, and other details.
Our Vale+ Comunidade publication provides monthly updates on key initiatives, presented separately for Brumadinho and the Paraopeba River Basin and its 25 municipalities (excluding Brumadinho).
Additionally, the Pro-Brumadinho Committee portal, coordinated by the compliance enforcement agencies provides detailed information on ongoing initiatives and projects as well as the entire history of the development of this instrument. This committee is supported by independent audits to assist in decision-making on socioeconomic reparation projects (Getulio Vargas Foundation) and socioenvironmental projects (AECOM), as well as financial auditing (E&Y). Learn more here.
Besides Vale´s regular listening channels (https://vale.com/contact-us), we also have a specific Reparation support line (0800-031-0831) for any stakeholders that would like to contact Vale regarding the reparation or indemnification process.
What caused the dam breach?
Immediately after the dam breach, Vale’s Board of Directors assembled an independent panel of experts, composed of world-class specialists in geotechnics and engineers to investigate the causes of the dam breach. The report, along with ten appendices and a concise explanatory video (available here) revealed that multiple factors, including small and cumulative events combined with a potentially very brittle behavior of its tailings could have triggered the rupture. The brittle behavior is a relevant finding because with the traditional approach to evaluating the stability of dams used at that time, it would be concluded that the dam is stable and safe.
At the same time, the Brazilian Public Prosecutors contracted a separate study (available here) which revealed that due to a particularly unfavorable combination of circumstances at a specific area inside of the dam, including regular drilling by a specialized company as part of the regular dam monitoring, worked as a trigger which led to the liquefaction of the structure. Nonetheless, this separate study also concluded, through numerical analysis, that if the drilling of this one well in this specific area had not been conducted, the dam would remain stable for another 100 years.
These studies were a game changer for dam management and created significant changes in industry standards.
Vale’s transformation
Brumadinho was a milestone that drove profound transformations at Vale, especially in governance and dam safety. The company adopted the Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM), intensified geotechnical monitoring, implemented independent audits, and invested in the decharacterization of upstream structures. Vale also began investing in technologies to reduce reliance on dams and promote circular mining, in addition to starting a cultural transformation journey and establishing ambitious ESG commitments.
For information on:
- Our targets and current progress toward our commitments, visit: https://vale.com/esg/our-commitments.
- Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM), visit: https://vale.com/gistm.
- Dam management and safety, visit: https://vale.com/dams.
- Circular Mining, visit: https://vale.com/circular-mining.
Updated in November 2025
Vale does not engage in mineral exploration or any mining activities in Indigenous Lands in Brazil, strictly respects current legislation, and the company is committed to Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) with Indigenous communities. Vale further declares that mineral resources or mineral reserves in indigenous lands in Brazil are not being considered in its current production plan.
Vale's relationship with Indigenous Peoples and Traditional Communities is guided by its Global Human Rights Policy, which is aligned with major international frameworks on the subject, such as the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. This also includes the International Council on Mining and Metals' Position Statement on Mining and Indigenous Peoples, ILO Convention No. 169, among others, as well as the legislation in the countries where Vale operates.
Regarding the allegations of contamination of the Cateté River and health issues caused by the impacts of the Onça Puma Mine's operations on the Xikrin do Cateté Indigenous People, expert reports prepared by court-appointed specialists from the Federal Civil and Criminal Court of Redenção have demonstrated that the enterprise in question is not a source of contamination for the mentioned watercourse. The reports confirm that Vale conducts environmental monitoring in accordance with established conditions and adopts appropriate control measures to mitigate potential impacts on water resources. The analysis of the scientific matters studied has demonstrated the absence of a causal link between Onça Puma's mining operations and the alleged contamination of the Cateté River. Furthermore, it is important to highlight the existence of other polluting activities in the region, such as illegal mining, the use of agricultural pesticides, and deforestation.
The Itacaiúnas River Basin, which encompasses the Cateté River and its tributaries, naturally contains metals such as iron, manganese, nickel, and lead, among others, due to the region’s geological characteristics. In many cases, these elements occur in water and soil at naturally high concentrations. This condition was documented in the Environmental Impact Study (EIA) and the Environmental Impact Report (RIMA), both prepared in 2004—well before the Onça Puma Mine began operations—to support the project's licensing process. These findings were further corroborated by a background study and confirmed by court-appointed experts. Additionally, the same natural presence of metals was identified in another watercourse within the basin, the Seco River, which is located far from the mining operation and flows into the Cateté River downstream from the site.
Vale reiterates that it maintains a systematic and ongoing monitoring program for surface water conditions and effluents associated with the Onça Puma operation, with historical data dating back to 2008. The results of this monitoring are regularly submitted to the Pará State Secretariat for the Environment and Sustainability (SEMAS-PA), which, in 2023, confirmed the operational compliance of the enterprise through a technical report evaluating adherence to the established conditions. This conclusion aligns with the findings of court-appointed experts from the Federal Civil and Criminal Court of Redenção and reinforces Vale’s commitment to respecting the communities neighboring its operations.
Despite clear evidence demonstrating the lack of causal responsibility between Onça Puma’s operations and the health conditions of the Xikrin do Cateté Indigenous People, as well as the natural presence of metals in the Cateté River due to the region’s distinct geological characteristics, the Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office recently filed a new public civil action against the federal government, the state of Pará, and Vale in a court different from the Federal Civil and Criminal Court of Redenção. The lawsuit alleges their responsibility for the health conditions of the Indigenous population and demands the implementation of measures to improve this situation. In response to this new legal action, Vale reaffirmed the legitimacy and compliance of the Onça Puma operation and the effectiveness of its control and mitigation mechanisms, which serve as grounds for excluding the company from liability, as well as the lack of jurisdiction of the Civil and Criminal Federal Court of Marabá to hear and adjudicate the case, a plea that was accepted by the Brazilian Judiciary
Regarding the Xikrin do Cateté Indigenous People, the signing of an agreement within the Onça Puma Public Civil Action, which discusses the environmental issues of Cateté and other socio-economic issues related to this project, Salobo, S11D, Ferro Carajás, and the Alemão Project, has resolved almost all judicial controversies.
Regarding the Kayapó Indigenous People, who were part of the first Onça Puma Public Civil Action, the agreement reached and ratified by the Judiciary also resolved the controversy with this group. Vale highlights that the Kayapó Indigenous Land is more than 30 km away from Onça Puma and outside the Cateté Basin, therefore, it has no environmental correlation with the project or the Cateté River itself.
Since the agreements' signing, the relationship with these Indigenous Peoples has been strengthened, and voluntary initiatives for the empowerment and autonomy of these communities have been developed, in alignment with Vale's relationship strategy focused on generating mutual benefits. Some examples include actions promoting the ethnodevelopment of the Xikrin People, particularly the Project for the Appreciation of the Culture and Memory of the Xikrin do Cateté Indigenous People. With the Kayapó People, Vale supported the creation of their Consultation Protocol, developed by the Associação Indígena Floresta Protegida (AFP) and approved at the General Assembly of Chiefs and Leaders of the Kayapó Indigenous Land, held in the Gorotire village in January 2024. This action is part of Vale’s Social Ambition for Indigenous Peoples, which aims to support, by 2030, the development of at least one structuring action, such as Consultation Protocols, Territorial and Environmental Management Plans (PGTAs), or Life Plans, for 11 Indigenous Peoples in Brazil.
Learn more about Vale's Social Ambition for Indigenous Peoples at https://vale.com/esg/indigenous-peoples-and-traditional-communities
Last update November 2025
IInaugurated in the 1980s, the Carajás Railway (EFC) spans 972 kilometers, connecting the Carajás mines in southeastern Pará to the Ponta da Madeira Maritime Terminal in São Luís (MA). Each year, approximately 350,000 passengers use the railway. Additionally, the EFC transports cargo such as iron ore, pig iron, manganese, copper, fuels, and coal.
In the states of Maranhão and Pará, the railway passes near various territories of Indigenous Peoples, Quilombola Communities, and other Traditional Communities. These populations are recognized for their unique relationship with the territory, which encompasses not only physical and socioeconomic aspects but also cultural and spiritual dimensions.
Since the 1980s, during the construction of the EFC, Vale has maintained relationships with these communities. Currently, engagement activities are carried out by dedicated professionals with multidisciplinary backgrounds and experience in the field. It is important to note that Vale’s relationship with Indigenous Peoples and Traditional Communities is guided by its Global Human Rights Policy, which aligns with key international references such as the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Also considered are the International Council on Mining and Metals’ Position Statement on Mining and Indigenous Peoples, ILO Convention No. 169, among others, as well as the legislation of the countries where Vale operates.
The company operates with respect for the rights of these communities, managing risks and impacts of its operations and upholding the process of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), while also contributing to institutional strengthening and the appreciation of traditional ways of life, aiming for value sharing and partnership.
Maranhão – Indigenous Peoples
Vale engages with the Awá, Guajajara, and Ka’apor Indigenous Peoples from the Caru, Rio Pindaré, Awá, and Alto Turiaçu Indigenous Lands, which intersect with the EFC’s area of influence in Maranhão. The specificities of these Indigenous Peoples have been and continue to be respected throughout the EFC expansion process, in accordance with Brazilian legislation, international principles, and Vale’s internal policies.
The EFC expansion works only began after the completion and approval of the Impact Assessment for Indigenous People – a study conducted with the direct participation of Indigenous Peoples, external consultancy under the guidance of the National Foundation for Indigenous Peoples (Funai), the intervening body in the environmental licensing process led by Ibama.
The ECIs for the Caru and Rio Pindaré Indigenous Lands identified and addressed important adjustments to the EFC expansion project in the section near the Indigenous territories. The Social and Environmental Programs for the Indigenous Component (PBA CI/Maranhão) is being implemented in a participatory manner, with programs for managing and mitigating the impacts identified in the study.
Long-term agreements have been established with these communities to support actions for territorial protection, preservation and conservation of natural resources, economic sustainability, income generation, cultural and institutional strengthening, productive activities, and other initiatives that contribute to the ethnodevelopment of these communities. The development and monitoring of these agreements involve Funai as an intervening party in the various instruments signed.
Since 2016, the company has implemented conditional measures linked to the operation of the EFC through the Indigenous Component – Basic Environmental Plan (CI-PBA) Awá and Guajajara, which features shared governance and management with the Indigenous Peoples. Among the initiatives carried out, those related to cultural strengthening stand out, such as the construction of five cultural centers and seven traditional kitchens; and territorial protection actions, including the delivery of equipment and training of more than 200 Indigenous guardians.
Vale also maintains a Cooperation and Commitment Agreement with the Guajajara, Awá, and Ka’apor Peoples, which includes actions for institutional strengthening and infrastructure projects.
Among the voluntary actions carried out by Vale with the three Indigenous Peoples in Maranhão are the construction of housing, improvement of access roads, construction and provision of equipment for three Indigenous Basic Health Units (UBSI), as well as water supply and solar energy systems in partnership with the Maranhão Indigenous Special Sanitary District (DSEI) and the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES). The UBSIs were installed in the villages of Juriti (Awá People, Awá Indigenous Land), Januária and Novo Planeta (Guajajara People, Rio Pindaré Indigenous Land).
Throughout 2023, intercultural training courses were held for Indigenous Health Agents and Indigenous Basic Sanitation Agents from the Guajajara and Awá Peoples. Between 2023 and 2024, Indigenous Rights courses were offered to the Ka’apor People (Alto Turiaçu Indigenous Land) and the Guajajara People (Caru and Rio Pindaré Indigenous Lands). These actions were part of Vale’s Social Ambition for Indigenous Peoples.
At the request of the community, the Environmental Management, Climate Change, and Political Action course was launched in 2025, developed and conducted by the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (Flacso), as part of the implementation of the Territorial and Environmental Management Plan (PGTA) for the Rio Pindaré and Caru Indigenous Lands.
In 2024, the Ka’apor People began developing their Life Plan, which is expected to be completed in the second half of 2025.
Also noteworthy, as a voluntary initiative aimed at cultural strengthening and preservation, was the project that documented the memory of the Guajajara, Ka’apor, and Awá Peoples. The collection was also part of an exhibition at the Vale Maranhão Cultural Center, featuring 17 Indigenous Peoples.
Pará – Indigenous Peoples
In another section of the EFC, in the state of Pará, in the municipality of Bom Jesus do Tocantins, Vale has engaged with the Gavião Indigenous People from the Parkatêjê, Kyikatêjê, and Akrãtikatêjê groups of the Mãe Maria Indigenous Land since the 1980s.
Over the years, partnerships and support have been formalized with the Gavião community, including actions in health, education, productive activities, and territorial protection and surveillance.
Aligned with its Global Human Rights Policy, Vale values respect for these communities and the maintenance of ongoing relationships and dialogue. In this context, the company supported the development of the Life Plan for the Indigenous Peoples of the Mãe Maria Indigenous Land, using a participatory methodology that fostered reflection and discussion on strategies to improve quality of life and guide ongoing projects and activities.
As part of the environmental licensing process for the EFC expansion works, the Social and Environmental Programs for the Indigenous Component (PBA CI) was also developed. Like the one prepared for the Indigenous communities near the EFC in Maranhão, it was conducted with the support of specialized consultancy and approved by the Indigenous Peoples. The PBA CI includes programs to mitigate and/or compensate for the impacts of the EFC expansion identified in the ECI, which is part of the environmental licensing process for the section near the Mãe Maria Indigenous Land.
Among the programs being implemented under the PBA CI are those focused on productive activities, cultural strengthening, strengthening of Indigenous organizations, territorial protection, and environmental and territorial management. These programs were approved in December 2022 and are currently underway.
Vale has also supported the Gavião People in strengthening their institutional associations through workshops, training, and capacity-building initiatives that include resource management and governance aspects.
Furthermore, it is important to highlight that all Vale activities involving community interaction are communicated in advance by the company, thereby ensuring the process of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and fostering a transparent and good-faith relationship between the company and the Indigenous communities neighboring the EFC.
Last updated November 2025
The neighborhood of Piquiá de Baixo, located in the municipality of Açailândia, Maranhão, was established in the 1970s, driven by the migration of workers attracted by opportunities in agriculture, livestock, metalworking, and the construction of the BR-222 highway, which connects the state’s interior to the capital, São Luís.
In the 1980s, the implementation of the Carajás Project led to a wave of industrialization in the region, marked by the arrival of pig iron production plants and the construction of the Carajás Railway, used to transport iron ore extracted in Carajás (PA) to the port of São Luís (MA).
This industrial development brought environmental and social challenges to the local population. Since the 1990s, the community, in collaboration with civil society organizations, has advocated for the management, mitigation, and compensation of corporate impacts, as well as for improvements in quality of life, including the relocation of families living in Piquiá de Baixo.
Following the publication of reports containing allegations of human rights violations involving companies operating in the area, Vale proactively engaged with stakeholders to promote more effective impact management. Among the initiatives proposed was the creation of a community management committee to monitor the implementation of actions.
It is important to clarify that Vale does not conduct or promote mining activities (extraction or processing of ore) in the municipality of Açailândia. It also does not have a steel plant dedicated to the production of pig iron in the Chemical Industrial Park of Açailândia (Piquiá), in Maranhão, nor does it have any relationship of dependency or subordination with the steel companies located in the region. The company's relationship with steel sector companies is strictly commercial, limited to supplying iron ore upon request. In this context, Vale has consistently strived to comply rigorously with environmental regulations, maintaining controls and monitoring across all its ore-related operations. The company remains attentive to the community's social demands, actively participating in discussions and solutions in collaboration with public authorities and steel companies.
Vale considers environmental aspects and all applicable legislation, managing its processes with available technology for environmental control to prevent and mitigate impacts. The company's social initiatives are guided by an ongoing risk management process regarding communities and by promoting a positive social legacy. Through alliances and partnerships, Vale continuously seeks ways to develop solutions for the challenges faced by neighboring communities and society at large.
In the Piquiá region, Vale conducts its activities participatively, focusing on contributing to the integrated development of the territory through initiatives organized into priority areas: Housing, Environmental and Social, and Institutional.
Housing Axis
Since 2017, Vale and the Vale Foundation, through voluntary investments, have been executing cooperation agreements with the Piquiá Community Association and Caixa Econômica Federal to build 312 houses for the creation of a new neighborhood for the community — "Piquiá da Conquista." The homes were delivered in October 2024 during a ceremony organized by the Federal Government/Ministry of Cities, with Vale's participation.
The project received an investment of BRL 45 million (R$ 45.000.000,00) from Vale and the Vale Foundation, in addition to institutional support with public agencies, combining efforts with other entities linked to municipal, state, and federal governments. The State Government delivered a Basic Health Unit and began construction works for a market, a school, a sports court, and a family square.
In addition to the investment in the construction of the Piquiá da Conquista housing project, Vale acted proactively, engaging in dialogue with the National Secretariat for Social Dialogue, the Municipality of Açailândia, and Caixa Econômica Federal to address the request made by families from Piquiá da Conquista regarding the compensation of housing loan payments. This request was subject to analysis and verification of the families' eligibility through the Federal Government’s Unified Registry (CADÚnico) and the Continuous Cash Benefit (BPC) program. The request was under review by Caixa Econômica Federal, with over 100 families considered eligible.
Environmental Axis
Vale continues to implement actions aimed at mitigating the emission of particulates during the road transportation of iron ore between Vale and the plants, including the paving of roads. The company also monitors the decommissioning of steel plant furnaces and the compliance with legal and market environmental standards by the installed plants, reaffirming Vale's commitment to supporting initiatives for the benefit of Piquiá de Baixo.
Social and Institutional Axis
In the social and institutional sphere, Vale is in the implementation phase of a socioeconomic development plan for Piquiá, which was developed participatively. Through the creation of intersectoral actions with public authorities and other companies in the region, the plan takes into account the following dimensions:
a) Community Strengthening:
The assessment identified the need to establish a Community Center aimed at improving the comfort of the representative group from the Piquiá region, which will work voluntarily to strengthen local associations. This initiative was also prioritized and will be supported by Vale for its implementation in November 2025.
b) Infrastructure
With a focus on promoting sustainable and territorial development, Vale contributes to and invests in actions such as rainwater drainage works in the region, as well as planning long-term initiatives like local revitalization.
The implementation of the new housing complex financed by Vale created a synergistic impact by channeling rainwater from Piquiá da Conquista to the Novo Horizonte neighborhood. Consequently, the need to implement a drainage system was identified. In this regard, Vale formalized the donation of additional materials for the drainage service to the Municipal Government of Açailândia, following recommendations from the Secretariat of Social Dialogues of the Presidency of the Republic and the Public Prosecutor's Office of Maranhão/Açailândia. The works will be carried out by the Municipal Infrastructure Department.
c) Health
Vale and the Vale Foundation, through the Cycle of Health and Strengthening Social Protection projects, support infrastructure, procurement of supplies and equipment, as well as the training of professionals in the health and social assistance fields in the three Basic Health Units (UBS) and the CRAS (Social Assistance Reference Center) in the region.
Additionally, through the Ciclo Saúde Proteção Social (CSPS) project, Vale and the Vale Foundation have been strengthening primary care and expanding access to health and social assistance, especially for vulnerable populations. This has been achieved through improvements in infrastructure, acquisition of supplies and equipment, and training of professionals in the health and social assistance sectors.
In the Piquiá region, CSPS operates in three Basic Health Units (UBS Piquiá da Conquista, UBS José Francisco, and UBS Plano da Serra) and in the CRAS Piquiá (Social Assistance Reference Center).
In 2024, the project trained 25 professionals from SUS and SUAS and donated 117 IT items, such as laptops and tablets, to the municipality of Açailândia. These devices were distributed to the UBSs and CRAS, helping improve user monitoring and supporting the planning of SUS and SUAS actions in the region.
d) Education
Vale contributed to training programs for the public education network of Maranhão state and its municipalities through an initiative by the Vale Foundation, in partnership with FGV, within the Literacy Tracks Project (Trilhos da Alfabetização), which also benefits the Piquiá region. The company supported the renovation of the Admiral Barroso Piquiá de Baixo School in 2023, benefiting 136 students.
Additionally, the Vale Foundation, through the Literary Routes and Networks Project (Rotas e Redes Literárias), renovated and equipped reading rooms in Piquiá schools, donated collections, and trained education professionals on reading-related themes. In total, approximately 6,000 books were donated to Açailândia schools, with 630 specifically for Piquiá.
In 2024, the company supported full literacy for children in the first five years of elementary school at two schools (EM Eduardo Pereira Duarte and EM Darcy Ribeiro). A total of 479 students were benefited by the initiative, and 22 professionals were trained
e) Employment and Income Generation
To promote local entrepreneurship and income generation, the Vale Foundation implements the AGIR Program (Support for Income Generation and Growth), which supports five community businesses in Açailândia. Through AGIR, entrepreneurs receive specialized consulting in business management and operations, customized training for their activities, assistance in establishing partnerships and fundraising, as well as seed capital for structuring and expanding their businesses.
The AGIR Program also supports the Piquiá Open Market, a business consisting of 35 entrepreneurs who produce and sell local products, while promoting the preservation of regional culture and the use of public spaces. In addition to the market, Piquiá has other entrepreneurs supported by AGIR, such as beekeepers from the AAVA (Vale do Açailândia Agroindustrial Association). The honey is produced in an apicultural pasture provided by Suzano through a technical cooperation partnership with the Vale Foundation.
In 2024, Vale also implemented its Young Apprentice Program in the Piquiá community. In this edition, Vale offered positions for the Electromechanical Technician course, with practical training in the company’s Maintenance or Operations area. Admissions are scheduled to begin in January 2025. Approved participants will receive a stipend along with other benefits.
Vale reaffirms its commitment to continuing dialogue and collaboratively building social development solutions with the Piquiá community, civil society, public authorities, and other private companies. The goal is to promote the protection of human rights, empower the community, strengthen public policies and governance, and create sustainable results for the region.
Last updated in November 2025
Context
Vale's undue inclusion on the “dirty list” was related to an event that took place in February 2015, when the company Ouro Verde Locações e Serviços S.A., which provided transportation services for final products between the Pico and Fábrica mines for Vale S.A. in Minas Gerais, had its workplace inspected by the Ministry of Labor and Employment. The inspection revealed non-compliance with labor obligations regarding changing room conditions, cleanliness, access to water, and working hours, among others.
The Ministry of Labor and Employment, adopting a broad interpretation of the law, considered that the outsourcing of the transportation was illegal, arguing that it was part of Vale's core activities and that, therefore, Ouro Verde employees should be considered Vale employees. It is important to note that these workers were never deprived of their liberty, were duly registered, received adequate transportation, had their work cards signed, had no documents withheld nor had debt owed to the company, and were not in poor working conditions.
Due to the extensive interpretation of the legislation adopted by the Ministry of Labor and Employment, Vale S.A. was fined for alleged irregularities committed by Ouro Verde, including illegal outsourcing and modern slavery. As the fines were not consistent with the working reality of those service providers, Vale, in 2016, filed lawsuits to annul the fines related to outsourcing and the working conditions of third-party workers. The Company also reinforced the work of internal groups to identify and make continuous improvements to facilities and workstations.
Remediation actions in 2015
At the time Vale became aware of the findings in the infraction notice, the Company, in collaboration with the authorities, immediately corrected the labor irregularities incurred by the service provider and subsequently terminated the contract with Ouro Verde.
In addition, Vale developed a “forced labor prevention plan”, through which it improved its corporate governance system; began to carry out training on subcontracting with a focus on the protection of human rights; and hired external consultants to assist in the prevention of labor irregularities related to health, hygiene and safety at work, among other actions.
Long-term corrective and preventive measures
Human Rights Policy – Since 2009, Vale has a Human Rights Policy which establishes general guidelines and principles so that its actions respect and promote all human rights in the development of its activities and partnerships in its value chain.
Contract management – Vale has a contract management procedure for compliance with health and safety standards and construction sites (checklist for inspections).
Contractual clauses – The contractual clauses related to human rights issues allow the termination of the contract in the event of the use of modern slavery and non-compliance with labor legislation.
Strengthened dialogue – Dialogue between Vale and worker unions and labor organizations representing third-party workers has also been expanded.
Engagement with suppliers – Holding conferences, training and webinars and the Decent Work Caravans with the participation of the Regional Labor Secretariats.
Whistleblowing Channel – The Whistleblowing Channel was expanded to investigate possible irregularities, including those of suppliers and contractors.
Independent Human rights due diligence – Since 2019, the company has carried out independent human rights due diligence on its operations and supply chain. Based on the findings, corrective action plans are drawn up for the operations or suppliers, which are monitored by Vale.
Vale condemns any form of disrespect for human rights and degrading working conditions and reaffirms its commitment to maintaining decent working conditions and respecting human rights in all its activities.
For more information on human rights management of Vale's suppliers, visit the ESG Human Rights Portal.
Last update in November 2025.
The history of the Tubarão Unit began in 1966 with the transfer of Vale’s port operations from the Atalaia and Paul docks in Vila Velha to a new location capable of meeting the growing demand for iron ore at the time. The Tubarão Port was already interconnected with the Vitória to Minas Railway (EFVM), becoming the driving force behind Vale’s activities in Espírito Santo and a springboard for the state — whose economy was previously centered on coffee — to diversify into other industrial and commercial sectors. The port handles the movement of iron ore, grains, fertilizers, and coal.
For decades, the company has invested in reducing particulate matter emissions from pelletizing activities and product handling at the Tubarão Unit. Environmental control technologies widely used on-site include polymer application over material piles, electrostatic precipitators in the plants, and wind fences around storage yards.
Reinforcing its commitment to minimizing dust emissions, Vale has completed the Environmental Commitment Agreement (TCA) signed with public authorities and celebrates a milestone in its Espírito Santo operations: a 93% reduction in diffuse dust emissions at the Tubarão Unit compared to 2010. This achievement results from an investment of approximately R$ 5 billion in the company’s Environmental Master Plan (PDA), launched in 2018.
The Tubarão PDA included actions aligned with recommendations from technical bodies, focusing on addressing sources of diffuse emissions from product movement in yards, conveyor belts, and piers.
A total of 131 projects were implemented to improve atmospheric management, including the installation of new equipment, enhancements to atmospheric environmental controls, and studies of new technologies. Key initiatives include the expansion of the internal monitoring network, operated by the Environmental Control Center, with 53 monitoring points to ensure continuous oversight of all controls; closure of 20,500 m² of temporary storage areas and wagon tippler zones; enclosure of conveyor belts — totaling 21 km of ore, pellet, and coal conveyors; installation of new wind fences, adding 6 km of structures up to 30 meters high — the first of their kind in Latin America — bringing the total to 16 km of wind barriers across all product storage yards at the Tubarão Unit.
Examples of adopted technologies:
- Conveyor enclosures: 21 km of fully enclosed or side-covered structures to reduce emissions;
- Wind fences: 6 additional km of barriers, up to 30 meters high, totaling 16 km at the site;
- Storage area enclosures: Over 20,500 m² of material handling areas covered;
- Dust suppressants: Applied to ore piles, made from cellulose fiber and PET plastic — the latter developed in partnership with the Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES).
The company maintains open and direct dialogue with communities and remains available through the “Alô Vale” listening channel (0800 285 7000).
Last updated: November 2025
The Samarco Fundão Dam failure was a tragedy that will never be forgotten. As shareholders in the 50:50 non-operated joint venture, Vale and BHP have always been committed to repairing the damages caused.
Original Framework Agreement (TTAC)
In March 2016, Samarco, Vale and BHP Brasil entered into a Framework Agreement (“TTAC”, acronym for Termo de Transação e Ajustamento de Conduta, or “Original Framework Agreement”) with the Brazilian federal government, the two Brazilian states affected by the dam failure (Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais) and other government authorities to establish remediation and reparation programs for the communities and areas affected by the dam failure. The Renova Foundation was responsible for implementing these reparations since 2016, with Vale and BHP acting as additional trustees jointly responsible for funding the Foundation. The TTAC provided for 42 social, economic, and environmental reparation programs in the affected territories. A total of R$38 billion was spent on reparations and compensation actions executed by Renova.
Agreement Renegotiation
Under the terms of the TTAC, in 2021 a process was initiated to renegotiate the 42 socio-economic and socio-environmental programs, aiming for full reparation of the damages caused by the Fundão dam failure and seeking more effective, efficient, comprehensive, and clearer terms for the agreement. Samarco, BHP Brasil and Vale engaged in a mediation led by the Brazilian Federal Court of Appeals of the Sixth Region, together with the Brazilian federal and state governments and other public entities, to reach a definitive settlement of obligations under the TTAC, the Federal Public Prosecution Office claims, and other claims by government entities related to the Samarco dam failure.
2024 Definitive Settlement in Brazil for the full reparation of Samarco’s Fundão Dam Collapse
On October 25th, 2024, Vale S.A., BHP Billiton Brasil Ltda and Samarco Mineração S.A., together with the Brazilian Federal Government, the state governments of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, the Federal and State Prosecutors’ and Public Defenders’ offices, and other Brazilian public entities signed a definitive and substantial settlement of claims related to the Fundão dam collapse (“Definitive Settlement”). The Definitive Settlement was approved by the Brazilian Supreme Court on November 6th, 2024.
The Definitive Settlement determined the termination of the Renova Foundation and established initiatives for the definitive reparation of the damages caused by the Fundão dam failure. From now on, responsibility for reparations lies with Samarco, the signatory Brazilian public authorities, and the municipalities that adhere to the agreement, covering all socio-environmental damages and all collective and diffuse socio-economic damages resulting from the collapse.
“The Definitive Settlement enabled a mutually beneficial resolution for all Parties under fair and effective terms, while creating definitiveness and legal certainty. It is the result of a high-level mediation process conducted by the Brazilian Federal Court of Appeals of the 6th Region, with open dialogue and transparency. The engagement of Brazilian authorities and public entities ensured legitimacy to the settlement, which was supported by social, environmental and technical criteria. This important agreement also reinforces our commitment to Brazilian society and to a better future for the people, communities and the environment", Gustavo Pimenta, Vale’s CEO.
Key financial commitments
The Definitive Settlement provides for a total financial value of approximately R$170 billion¹, comprising past and future obligations, to serve the people, communities, and the environment impacted by the dam failure. It sets three main lines of obligations.
² Adjusted by the Brazilian inflation index IPCA.
- Obligations to pay: Funds will support several compensation fronts, ensuring substantial resources for improvements in health, sanitation, fishing activities, and community funding, and a dedicated approach to indigenous and traditional communities, and municipalities.
- Obligations to perform: Samarco will execute certain obligations, including a voluntary-based, simplified individual indemnification system, measures towards the Doce River environmental recovery, and the completion of community resettlements, which have already reached 93%, with the expectation of reaching 96% by the end of 2025. Hence, part of the Renova Foundation’s 42 programs will be gradually transferred to Samarco or the authorities, while the remaining programs will be closed. The Renova Foundation’s governance body will cease upon signing.
- Samarco funding of remediation obligations: According to the terms of Samarco’s Judicial Reorganization Plan (PRJ), Samarco has a funding cap of USD 1 billion for reparation/remediation obligations for the period from 2024 to 2030. Additionally, in the event of excess cash generation by Samarco at the end of each year (after fulfilling obligations such as working capital requirements, debt service, and remediation commitments), Vale and BHP Brasil may allocate 50% of this surplus to provide additional funding for remediation and compensation obligations. As shareholders of Samarco, Vale and BHP Brasil are responsible for contributing to the financing of Samarco’s reparation obligations whenever the company is unable to do so.
- Water quality: Since 2019/2020, the water quality of the Doce River has returned to the standards prior to the Fundão dam failure (2015). The river is classified as Class 2 under CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005, which allows its use for public supply with conventional treatment, including during drought periods.
Water monitoring has been carried out since 2017 by the Systematic Quali-Quantitative Monitoring Program (PMQQS), with a planned duration until 2039. The program is funded by the responsible companies, executed by specialized institutions, and audited by environmental agencies such as IBAMA and state authorities.
The monitoring network covers 696 km, with 22 automatic stations and 82 manual collection points in rivers, lagoons, estuaries, and coastal areas. Data are published in quarterly reports, semiannual reviews, and performance indicators.
In addition to water and sediments, ecological indicators are also monitored, showing signs of aquatic biodiversity recovery in several stretches of the river. - Vale’s provision and cash outflow expectation: Vale reaffirms its commitments to supporting Samarco in repairing the damage caused by the Fundão dam collapse and to the shareholders' previously agreed obligation to finance, up to a 50% share, the amounts that Samarco may eventually fail to fund as the primary obligor. The estimated timeline for cash disbursement is as follows:
Source: Vale IFRS 3Q25_ENG
¹ Amounts stated in real terms.
² BRL-USD exchange final rate of September 30, 2025 of 5.3186.
Legal Processes
- Processes in Brazil: Vale is a defendant in several legal proceedings brought by government authorities and civil associations claiming socioenvironmental and socioeconomic damages and remediation measures because of Samarco’s Fundão dam failure. The signing of the Definitive Settlement provides a stable framework for the execution of reparation and compensation measures related to the Samarco dam rupture. It also addresses 181 lawsuits filed by the public authorities involved in this agreement. Relevant criminal proceedings against Vale related to Fundão and Brumadinho are outlined in our 20-F report on p. 174.
- International Claims (UK and the Netherlands): Vale believes the English and Dutch proceedings are unnecessary because they duplicate matters already covered by the existing and ongoing reparation work and legal agreements in Brazil.
- BHP Group Limited and BHP Group (UK) Limited (BHP) are defendants in a class action lawsuit in the London Court, in England, concerning compensation claims related to the collapse of the Fundão Dam in 2015 (the English Proceedings). BHP does not consider that it is liable to the claimants in the English Proceedings. On October 21, 2024, the first-stage trial began to determine whether both BHP entities are liable to the UK claimants. If liability is established, a second-stage trial will follow to determine damages and quantum. A decision on the first-stage trial is expected between November 2025 and February 2026.
- In March 2024, a new lawsuit was filed against Vale and Samarco’s Dutch subsidiary before the Amsterdam Court, in the Netherlands, seeking compensation related to the collapse of the Fundão Dam (the Dutch Proceedings). Vale does not consider that it is liable to the claimants in the Dutch Proceedings. The case will have an initial phase to assess jurisdiction, followed by two additional phases to evaluate admissibility, liability, and damages if jurisdiction is confirmed. The trial, which will be preceded by a specific hearing on a date yet to be scheduled, will not occur before Q2 2026. Vale submitted its preliminary defense/challenge on jurisdiction (first phase) on October 7, 2025.
- BHP, BHP Brasil, and Vale entered into an agreement in which they agreed to equally share (50%/50%) any compensation that may be imposed in the English Proceedings or the Dutch Proceedings, provided such compensation is not duplicative of amounts already paid in Brazil. This agreement reinforces the commitment made by Samarco’s shareholders since the signing of the TTAC in March 2016 with Brazilian public authorities, under which each party undertakes to contribute, on a 50%/50% basis, the necessary resources for the reparation of damages caused by the dam collapse, in the event Samarco is unable to do so.
Detailed terms of the Definitive Settlement
| Category | Description |
|---|---|
Parties
|
|
Settlement and releases
|
|
Payment terms
|
|
Municipalities
(Obligation to Pay) |
|
Health
(Obligation to Pay) |
|
Fishing
(Obligation to Pay) |
|
Water sanitation
(Obligation to Pay) |
|
State Projects
(Obligation to Pay) |
|
Program for Women
(Obligation to Pay) |
|
Other community funding
(Obligation to Pay) |
|
Indigenous and Traditional communities
(Obligation to Pay) |
|
Indemnification and Compensation
(Obligations to Perform) |
|
Community resettlement
(Obligations to Perform) |
|
Environment
(Obligations to Perform) |
|
Renova Foundation
|
|
PT Vale Indonesia (‘PTVI’) is a non-operated joint venture of Vale Base Metals, which holds a 33.9% share in the company, making Vale S.A. (‘Vale’) an indirect shareholder*. PTVI’s operational focus is on nickel mining, smelting, and refining activities in Sorowako, South Sulawesi.
In 2023, Vale, S.A. received a stakeholder letter containing allegations of social and environmental impacts related to PTVI’s activities in Sorowako and Tanamalia.
The alleged social and human rights impacts related to land access, resettlement, livelihood restoration, water access and quality, lack of consultation, and intimidation by security forces
In response to the allegations, in October 2023, Vale Base Metals (VBM) established a task force to help PTVI assess and address the allegations, and to help the company strengthen their approach to social, human rights, and environmental impact management in the region. An external and independent investigation was commissioned to investigate the allegations relating to water quality, freedom of expression, deprivation of livelihood and land.
Regarding land, livelihoods and compensation, interviewees indicated that they were unaware of the boundaries of the PTVI concession around Sorowako, which is used by families for economic activities (e.g. farming) and/or as residential land. Concerns were also raised about differing approaches to and levels of compensation. Collectively, these contributed to a rise in social tensions and community frustration.
Regarding suppression of freedom of expression, it was confirmed that the presence of security forces during community engagements led to perceptions of intimidation, suppressing free expression. It was also noted that, past incidents, including threats to PTVI employees and community conflicts, had escalated tensions.
Regarding access to clean water in the Asuli village (Sorowako), the report indicates that the “discolouration of the water could have been caused by mining-related land clearance and disturbance, or by natural soil erosion during rainfall”. In addition, according to interviewees, the boreholes provided by PTVI do not serve all residents, and some members of the community felt a lack of communication regarding the possible mining impacts on water sources and the actions. It is important to note that Hexavelant Chromium contamination was not raised by the communities during the investigation, and PTVI provided sample results which were compliant with Class II quality standards for Hexavalent Chromium. PTVI is taking specific actions to address the community’s concerns, which can be found in the related Action Plan document on the PTVI website.
Regarding the potential future loss of livelihoods in Tanamalia, the report indicates that farmers have cleared land, without authorization, within the concession area and protected forest area to plant pepper trees. The investigation raised concerns over the impact on future livelihood due to potential exploration and mining operations in Tanamalia and the need for participatory stakeholder engagement and impact management.
PTVI acknowledges the investigation's findings and is committed to implementing an Action Plan, which includes:
- Improving stakeholder engagement and participation
- Reinforcing PTVI’s Grievance Mechanism
- Reviewing past compensation payments and developing a Land Access and Compensation Framework (LACF) as well as a Land Access and Resettlement Framework (LARF) to manage physical and / or economic displacement associated with planned exploration activities
- Including the community in the independent water testing protocols and water monitoring that PTVI regularly commissions
- Strengthening its implementation strategy of the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights
The summary action plan can be found here.
PTVI is dedicated to working with all parties to ensure local community engagement is conducted in a respectful manner, adhering to local customs and international standards. Progress updates on these action items will be shared in the next PTVI Annual Sustainability Report, which will be published on the company’s website in due course.
*The remaining ownership interests are divided between Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd. (‘SMM’), Indonesia’s mining industry holding company PT Mineral Industri Indonesia (‘MIND ID’), and publicly shares listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Last updated September 2024
Norte Energia S.A. has its own governance structure, with shareholder representation through its Board of Directors and respective advisory committees. Norte Energia’s regulatory framework is composed of policies, standards, and other instruments designed to guide the decision-making process on specific matters, in accordance with the competencies of the relevant authorities, and in the best interest of the company. Vale exercises influence through Norte Energia’s Board of Directors and committees, aiming to contribute to the adoption of specific processes, policies, and market best practices. In its role, Vale monitors the adoption of practices related to integrity, transparency, and accountability, with a view to generating sustainable value for the organization, the environment, and society at large, while also promoting the continuous improvement of risk and impact management.
Since before the public bidding notice for the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant was launched in 2009, the project has promoted broad dialogue with society. The current configuration of the project allowed for a 58% reduction in the flooded area compared to the original proposal, thereby avoiding the inundation of Indigenous Lands.
Regarding the consensus hydrograph of the Belo Monte HPP, it is worth mentioning that the plant’s Firm Energy (4,571 MW) was defined based on the average flow rates of the Xingu River (1931–2007), as well as the Consensus Hydrograph, which alternates annually between Hydrographs A and B, as established by the Brazilian State.
Norte Energia states that, in accordance with the agreement made with the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Ibama), it has been exclusively applying Hydrograph B, including its full adoption throughout 2024 and the first half of 2025. The request for renewal of the project's Operating License is currently under review by the environmental agency. It is important to note that the license remains valid until Ibama issues a final decision. Within this process, the Hydrograph is considered one of the strategic topics under evaluation and is therefore also being analyzed by the competent bodies of the Federal Government. Norte Energia reports that it continues to monitor the process with technical and institutional rigor, in alignment with regulatory and socio-environmental compliance guidelines.
In the face of the challenges posed by the El Niño phenomenon, which significantly affected the rainfall regime in the Amazon region, the year 2024 recorded the fourth worst hydrological series in the last 91 years. The annual average inflows were 86% in 2023 and only 62% in 2024, which negatively impacted the generation of the Belo Monte HPP. This impact resulted from the combination of three main factors, which led to production below the Firm Energy: exclusive implementation of Hydrograph B, which prioritizes a greater flow to the Reduced Flow Stretch (TVR) of the Xingu River, implying lower water availability for generation at the Belo Monte HPP; annual average inflow below the historical average in 2024, accentuating the water scarcity scenario; operational restrictions in the National Interconnected System (SIN), which limited the allocation of the plant’s full dispatch.
In 2025, the generation of Belo Monte has consistently stood out throughout the months, especially during periods of higher demand. In January, it was the hydroelectric plant that generated the most energy in the country, meeting 6% of national demand and reaching 12% during peak hours.
Norte Energia states on its institutional website that it has already invested around R$ 8 billion since 2011 in the implementation of the Social and Environmental Programs (PBA) of the Belo Monte HPP and its Indigenous Component (PBA-CI), with actions aimed at mitigating, compensating, and repairing the impacts of the project. These initiatives cover areas such as productive projects, sanitation, education, health, biodiversity and water management, social monitoring, with special attention to the Reduced Flow Stretch (TVR).
Norte Energia adopts high standards of socio-environmental governance, following legislation, the Equator Principles, and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Standards. Audited reports are published quarterly on the company’s website, and the Sustainability Report is prepared in accordance with GRI guidelines. Bulletins with operational data from the Xingu River are also published.
With a focus on active listening, Norte Energia maintains several dialogue channels with its stakeholders, among which stand out the Whistleblower Channel, the 24-Hour Belo Monte Center, the Communication Centers of Volta Grande do Xingu, and the Radio System aimed at indigenous communities in the region. It also promotes the Social Monitoring Forum of the Belo Monte HPP and specific committees with indigenous peoples, valuing the leadership of these communities.
Progress has been made in the process of restoring the livelihoods of riverside families, recognizing the complexity and sensitivity of the process. To this end, the Company maintains continuous dialogue with all parties involved, including the environmental licensing agency, the riverside dwellers themselves, the families that may be relocated to enable arable land, and the Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office (MPF). In the area of food security, the monitoring of ichthyofauna and fishing stands out, with data reinforcing the importance of fish in the local diet and supporting ongoing mitigation actions. It is worth noting that studies conducted in partnership with the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) indicate that the average annual fish consumption in the Xingu River is 33 kg per person, a value 275% higher than the World Health Organization’s recommendation (12 kg/year), highlighting the relevance of fish as an essential source of protein for local populations.
In the Volta Grande do Xingu, actions such as water supply systems, income generation, and technical assistance have been implemented, with continuous attention to local socio-environmental conditions and significant progress in meeting socio-environmental demands.
In the PBA-CI, Norte Energia maintains coordination with indigenous peoples and competent institutions, promoting improvements in production, health, territorial protection, and education. An important milestone was the progress in the Update of the Impact Matrix and the Revision of the PBA-CI, strengthening indigenous governance and redirecting actions to public authorities.
In summary, Norte Energia’s actions are carried out responsibly, under independent monitoring and auditing, reflecting the Company’s commitment to mitigating impacts and promoting the sustainable development of the region. It must be acknowledged, however, that there are challenges that require continuous improvement and interinstitutional coordination.
Beyond the commitments established within the scope of the environmental licensing process, Norte Energia, through its concession contract, allocates financial resources to projects in the Xingu region through the Xingu Regional Sustainable Development Plan (PDRSX).
The PDRSX aims to promote a total investment of R$ 500 million in projects that contribute to the sustainable regional development of the region during the period from 2010 to 2030 (concession period). These are actions that seek to contribute to and strengthen the region’s socioeconomic development and the environmental protection of the Xingu basin. The PDRSX began in 2011 and, by April 2025, R$ 309 million had been invested in projects in the region.
In addition, the most recent Sustainability Report from Norte Energia highlights the company’s adherence to the United Nations (UN) Global Compact; the achievement of gender parity on the Board of Directors, with six women among its members; and the publication of the 2nd Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Inventory, which, for the second consecutive year, received the Gold Seal from the Brazilian GHG Protocol Program.
For more information on Norte Energia’s sustainability initiatives, visit: (https://www.norteenergiasa.com.br/sustentabilidade/relatorios-e-publicacoes)
Last updated in November 2025.
Vale has no Mining Rights on Indigenous Lands in Brazil. In 2021, Vale relinquished all its mining rights on Indigenous Lands in Brazil and has also given up requests for research authorizations and mining concessions. Vale's relinquishment is based on the understanding that mining on Indigenous Lands can only be carried out with the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) of the Indigenous People themselves and based on legislation that adequately regulates the activity.
Currently, Vale develops activities in traditional territories in countries where regulations are in force, such as Canada, always in strict observance of the principles mentioned above, with emphasis on Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC).
It should be noted that the information regarding mining rights ownership available on the ANM website may be undergoing updates, which could lead to inaccurate assessments of the status and actual ownership of companies in relation to their current mining rights.
Last updated in November 2025.
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